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does your personality change as you get older?
跟着年纪的增加，你的品质会发生改变吗?
between adolescence and adulthood, you go through a host of changes — jobs, regrettable haircuts and relationships that come and go. but what about who you are at your core? as you grow older, does your personality change?
从芳华期到成年，你会阅历一系列改动——找作业、剪坏了发型以及恋爱结交。可是，你究竟是一个怎样的人？跟着年纪的增加，你的品质会有所改动吗？
personality is the pattern of thoughts, feelings and behaviors unique to a person. people tend to think of personality as fixed. but according to psychologists, that’s not how it works.?
品质是构成一自个思维、情感及行为的特有方法。我们一般认为品质是平稳不变的。但依照心思学家的说法，实际并非如此。
“personality is a developmental phenomenon. it’s not just a static thing that you’re stuck with and can’t get over,” said brent roberts, a psychologist at the?university of illinois at urbana-champaign.
伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-尚佩恩分校的心思学家布伦特·罗伯茨说：“品质是一种打开的事物，他并非一种原封不动、让人无法脱节的静态事物。”
in one study, published in 2000 in the journal?psychological bulletin, researchers analyzed the results of 152 longitudinal studies on personality, which followed participants ranging in age from childhood to their early 70s.?
在一项2000年宣告于《心思学公报》期刊的研讨中，研讨人员对152项品质纵向研讨的成果进行了分析，这些研讨寻找查询了受试者从儿童时期至70岁出头的品质。
each of these studies measured trends in the big five personality traits.?this cluster of traits, which include extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and neuroticism, are a?mainstay?of personality research.?the researchers found that individuals’ levels of each personality trait, relative to other participants, tended to stay consistent within each decade of life.
每项研讨都包括了五大品质特征（包括外向性、亲和性、尽责性、翻开性和神经质，这些品质特质是特性研讨的重要基础）的趋势。研讨人员发现，相关于其他参加者，每自个的每种性格特征的水平在每个十年中一般是较为平稳的。
that pattern of consistency begins around age 3, and perhaps even earlier, said brent donnellan, professor and chair of psychology at michigan state university. when psychologists study children, they don’t measure personality traits in the same way they do for adults. instead, they look at temperament — the intensity of a person’s reactions to the world.?
密歇根州立大学的心思学教授兼系主任布伦特·唐纳伦标明，这种平稳状况大约从3岁支配（甚至更早）初步构成。心思学家在研讨儿童的品质特征时采纳了异于成人的方法。他们重视的是性格（一自个对世界做出反应的激烈程度）。
we come into the world with unique temperaments, and research suggests that our temperaments as children — for example, whether we’re easy going or prone to temper?tantrums, eager or more reluctant to approach strangers — correspond to adult personality traits.
咱们每自个都会带着一起的性格来到这个世界，研讨
标明，咱们在儿童时期的性格（例如，咱们是不是简略共处或简略发脾气，是不是盼望或不愿意与陌生人触摸）与成年后的特性特征相共同。
earlier temperament seems to affect later life experience. for example, one 1995 study published in the journal?child development?followed children from the age of 3 until the age of 18. the researchers found, for instance, that children who were shyer and more withdrawn tended to grow into unhappier teenagers.
早年的性格如同会影响往后的日子阅历。例如，1995年宣告在《儿童打开》期刊上的一项研讨对一组儿童进行了查询，从他们3岁一向寻找查询至18岁。研讨人员发现，那些较为害臊和内向的孩子生长为青少年时夸姣感更低。
but those decades add up. throughout all those years, our personality is still changing, but slowly, roberts said. “it’s something that’s subtle,” he added. you don’t notice it on that five-to-10-year time scale, but in the long term, it becomes pronounced.?
但几十年下来，改动会一点点堆集。罗伯茨说，咱们的品质会跟着时刻而改动，只不过改变很慢而已。他弥补道：“这是一种奇妙的东西。”在5至10年内，你不会留心到它的改变，但从长远来看，改动就很显着。
in 1960, psychologists surveyed over 440,000 high school students.?the students answered questions about everything from how they reacted to emotional situations to?how efficiently they got work done. fifty years later, researchers tracked down 1,952 of these former students and gave them the same survey.?
1960年，心思学家对跨越44万名大学生进行了查询。学生们答复了从心境情况反应到结束作业功率的各种的疑问。50年后，研讨人员寻找到了1952名早年查询过的学生，并向他们查询了相同的疑问。
the results, published in 2021 in the?journal of personality and social psychology, found?that in their 60s, participants scored much higher than they had as teenagers on questions measuring calmness, self-confidence, leadership and social sensitivity.
这项研讨最总算2021年宣告在《品质与社会意理学》期刊上，成果发现，这些年过六旬的被查询者在答复有关镇定、自傲、领导力和社会活络度的疑问上的得分比他们青少年时期要高得多。
(全文共461个词，黑体单词为考研重难点词汇)
重难点词汇：
mainstay?[?me?nste?] n. 支柱；国家栋梁
tantrum?[?t?ntr?m] n. 发脾气；愤然大怒????
