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造山运动致使物种分化
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this is scientific american — 60-second science. i’m christopher intagliata.the tropics are well known for their biodiversity. but another hots
pot? mountains. like the hengduan mountains, in south-central china.”it’ll look very much like this kind of familiar temperate alpine system, but the plant diversity there is off the charts.”rick ree is associate curator of botany at the field museum in chicago.
译文
这儿是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。热带区域以其生物多样性出名。另一个以生物多样性出名的区域是哪里？答案是山区。比方我国东南部的横断山区。“横断山区的情况看上去很像常见的温带高山气候，但其植物多样性却尤为惊人。”里克·瑞是芝加哥天然博物馆植物学馆的副馆长。
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these mountains harbor a third of all china’s plant species. and one hypothesis for mountain biodiversity is that mountain uplift creates new climates and habitats. “you’ll see coniferous forests, limestone and granite crossed glaciers, and glaciers fed rivers and alpine meadows.”plants take advantage of the new niches, and diversify.now ree and his colleague, yaowu xing, have evidence supporting the idea for connection between mountain building and biodiversity. they used dna data to build an evolutionary tree of plants in the hengduan. then they calibrated the tree with fossil data. and they saw an explosion in diversification around eight million years ago—right when uplift occurred. the results are in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences.
译文
这片山区蕴藏着全我国三分之一的植物物种。关于山区生物多样性丰厚的缘由，其间一种假定认为山脉隆升创造了新的气候和歇息地。“你会在在冰川、冰川河流和高山草甸中看到针叶林以及露出在外的石灰岩和花岗岩。”植物会使用新的生态位和多样性。如今瑞和他的火伴邢耀武（音译）找到了撑持造山运动与生物多样性有关的根据。他们使用dna数据构建了横断山脉的植物演化树。然后，他们用化石材料对演化树进行校准。他们发现，大约800万年前，那里的生物多样化大迸发，而那时正是横断山脉上升之际。这一研讨成果宣告在《美国国家科学院院报》上。
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so if new microclimates create new opportunities for diversification: what about global climate change? “if we look back on the history of life, one very striking pattern that we can see is that evolutionary diversification is pretty strongly associated with changing conditions. the flipside to change is that some species go extinct and some species diversify. so we’re faced with both prospects i think going forward.”thanks for listening for scientific american — 60-second science science. i’m christopher intagliata.
译文
假定新的微气候为多样化创造了新机缘：那全球气候改变会带来啥影响？“假定咱们回想一下生命的前史，就会发现咱们能看到的一种引人凝视的方法，就是进化多样化与环境改变亲近有关。改动的不和，就是一些物种灭绝，而另一些物种变得多样化。因而，我认为咱们面临着两种前景。”谢谢我们收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。回来搜狐，查看更多
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