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红翅黑鹂能听懂黄莺的警报叫声
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this is scientific american’s 60-second science. i’m jason goldman.brown-headed cowbirds are obligate brood parasites. that means they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, leaving all the hard work of incubating the eggs and feeding the chicks to somebody else. luckily, many of those other species have evolved some antiparasitic defenses. yellow warblers, for example, produce a certain type of call to warn other warblers about nearby cowbirds. researchers call it a “seet” call.”we were working on the yellow warbler. and whenever we were doing seet call playbacks to the yellow warblers, the red-winged blackbirds kept showing up. that was truly a discovery, this aha moment that allowed us to explore this question even further.”ecologist mark hauber from the university of illinois at urbana-champaign, who ran the study.the yellow warblers’ seet call is called a “referential alarm call,” because it is only produced for a single threat: the brown-headed cowbird.”and in response to the seet call, the female yellow warbler, instead of attacking or mobbing the cowbird, she sneaks back to her nest and sits on it tightly so as to prevent the cowbird from being able to lay a parasitic egg.”
译文
这儿是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。棕头牛鹂归于专性巢寄生。意思是，它们将卵产在其它鸟类的巢里，抒孵卵和喂食雏鸟的一切辛苦作业都留给别人。走运的是，许多其它錑现已进化出一些反寄生的防护才能。比方，黄莺会宣告某种叫声，提示同类周围有棕头牛鹂。研讨人员称之为“see”叫声。“咱们一向在研讨黄莺。只需咱们给黄莺播映seet叫声，红翅黑鹂就会呈现。这真的是个严峻发现，是让咱们得以进一步探究这个疑问的好机缘。”担任这项研讨的伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的生态学家马克·豪伯说到。黄莺的seet叫声被称为“指示警报叫声”，因为它只关于一种挟制：棕头牛鹂。“听到seet叫声后，雌黄莺没有进犯或进犯棕头牛鹂，而是悄然回到巢中，紧紧地坐在上面，避免牛鹂在此产寄生卵。”
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red-winged blackbirds, which sometimes nest near warblers, do not produce referential alarm calls. but it turns out that they can eavesdrop on the yellow warblers’ calls. and they respond to the seet calls the same way they do to the sounds of cowbirds themselves. the results were published in the journal communications biology.so red-winged blackbirds prefer to nest near yellow warblers, since the warblers provide additional vigilance against brown-headed cowbirds. but it’s probably a two-way street.”from the literature, we know that yellow warblers do better when they nest near red-winged blackbird territories. and that makes sense because the redwings are really aggressive. if you walk in a reed bed full of redwings, you actually get physically attacked by the redwings. they are not intimidated by large predators. so for the yellow warblers, it makes sense for them to nest near the redwings.”
译文
红翅黑鹂有时在黄莺邻近筑巢，它们没有宣告指未警报叫声。但实际证明它们会偷听黄莺的叫声。听到seet叫声后，它们的反应与听到棕头牛鹂叫声时相同。这项研讨成果宣告在《通讯·生物学》期刊上。因而，红翅黑鹂更喜爱在黄莺邻近筑巢，因为黄莺能供给敌对棕头牛鹂有额定戒备。但这可所以互利互利的。“咱们从文献中得知，黄莺在红翅黑鹂领地邻近筑巢时日子得非常好。这是 理的，因为红翼真的很有进犯性。假定你走进尽是红翅黑鹂的芦苇草垫，会被它们身体进犯。它们不会被大型捕食者吓倒。因而关于黄莺而言，在红翅黑鹂邻近筑巢是 理的。”
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the researchers say that this is the first known evidence of animals eavesdropping on antiparasitic referential alarm calls.”these birds, yellow warblers and red-winged blackbirds, they speak different languages. they understand their own communication signals and systems. and what we discovered here is, basically, a bilingual red-winged blackbird that can understand the vocalization systems and the communication systems of another species.”young birds learn their vocalizations much like young humans learn languages. in future research, hauber hopes to understand whether the birds rely on the same underlying neurobiology to understand the calls of other species as they do when they hear the sounds of their own species—and what that might mean for our own efforts to learn additional languages.thanks for listening for scientific american’s 60-s
econd science. i’m jason goldman.
译文
研讨人员标明，这是首个标明动物偷听反寄生指示警报叫声的已知根据。“黄莺和红翅黑鹂说的是不一样的言语。它们懂得自个的通讯信号和体系。咱们在这儿发现的是，懂双语的红翅黑鹂能了解另一个物种的发声体系和通讯体系。”幼鸟学习发声就像年青人学习言语相同。在将来的研讨中，豪克期望晓得鸟类是不是像听到同类叫声时相同，依托相同的潜在神经生物学来了解其它物种的叫声，以及这对咱们学习其他言语有何蚁。谢谢我们收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。回来搜狐，查看更多
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