???书接上回
q2：长难句是怎么来的？
三个亲兄弟：简略句、并排句、复合句
可以这么说：
1.????
简略句是只独身狗；
2.????
并排句靠着连词手拉手；
3.????
复合句大着肚子处处走
l? 简略句
一个语句只包括一个主谓规划，而各个成分都只需单词或短语标明，称为简略句，这货一般有五种情况
第一种：
1.????
the
old building was pulled down.
2.????
the
second world war broke out in 1939.
3.????
from a
financial stand-point，safety
pays off.从财务的视点看，平安就大有禅益。
4.????
his
efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two parties came off.他为促进两边宽和而付 出的尽力获得了成功。
第二种
?
1.????
the
teacher seemed to be pleased with my work.
2.????
the
iron feels hot.
3.????
our
supplies of sugar and rice fell short.
4.????
the
leaf turns yellow in fall
5.????
i felt
bored to death because i could make nothing of the chairman’s speech.我几乎烦透了，因为我 一点也听不理解主席的演说。
6.????
the
public opinion was that the time was not ripe for the election of such a
radical candidate as mr. jones.大众言辞认为推举像琼斯这样急进的提名人的机缘没有老到。
表语是弥补阐明主语的，也变成“主语补足语”
tips
在前两种中，咱们会对谓语动词和系动词有必定的利诱，实践上第一类谓语动词是实义动词、第二类谓语动词是系动词，一般包括感官动词、标明改变、标明坚持持续持续、以及be动词一共四大类系动词。
第三种
?
1.????
tom
speaks chinese 
quite well. 汤姆汉语讲得极好。
2.????
they
enjoyed themselves very much last night. 他们昨日晚上玩得很开心。
3.????
li
yang put the book into his bag. 李扬把书放进书包里。
4.????
he
thought about the problem for a few moments. 他把这个疑问思考了一会儿。
5.????
the
teacher corrected his poor spelling more than once.
6.????
nobody
yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will
drag down the economy.无人知晓这次金融体系的骚动会在多长时刻内，多大程度上使经济接近溃散的边缘。
第四种
?1.????
the
evening dress cost her forty dollars. 这件晚礼衣花了她四十美元。
2.????
he
often asks the teacher a lot of questions in class. 他常常在课堂上问教师许多疑问。
3.????
the
girl asked me whether i could repair the bike. 那个女孩问我是不是会修补自行车。
4.????
prof.
lee’s book will show you how what you have observed can be used in other
contexts.李教授的书会告诉你，你所调查到的可以如何用在其他语境中。
第五种
?1.????
the
news made him unhappy.
2.????
i had
the bike repaired.
3.????
i feel
it very pleasant to be with your family.
4.????
crisis
would be the right term to describe the decline in many animal species.许多动物品种日渐减 少，用危机一词来描绘再恰当不过了。
5.????
i
never trusted him because i always thought of him as such a suspicious
character.我从不信赖他， 因为我总认为他是那种不可以靠的人。
tips
这儿咱们有必要指出，第四种和第五种语句：直接宾语和直接宾语你是你，我是我，是平行联络。
宾语和宾语补足语是隶属联络，直接加个“是”是可以构成“句意”的。假满足思说得通，就是宾语补语，也称为复合宾语，假定说不通就是双宾。
the evening dress cost her forty dollars. 这件晚礼衣花了她四十美元。
the evening dress +cost +her +forty
dollars
???????????? 主语????????????????? 谓语????? 间宾????????? 直宾
在间宾和直宾之间加一个“是”，她是40美元，说不通，就是双宾语
ihadthe
bikerepaired.
主? 谓???????? 宾??????????? 宾补
在宾语和宾补之间加一个“是”，自行车被修好了，意思通畅，就是复合宾语
假定两个主语共一个谓语，或许两个谓语共一个主语，也当成是简略句
图示：
?
?
1. ? ?john and i went to the party
2.????
fuel
scarcities and price increases prompted automobile designers to develop new small cars.燃料短少和价格上涨促进方案师们减小最大轿车类型的标准并打开全新的小型轿车和货车的出产线。
3. ? ??i wake
up and get out of the bed.
????
